MUST = TO HAVE TO (trebuie – exprima obligatia)
- Afirmative
- I must work hard to pass this exam./Trebuie sa muncesc mult pentru a lua acest examen. (obligatie interna; asa consider eu ca trebuie sa fac)
- I have towear a uniformat school/Trebuie sa port uniforma la scoala (obligatie externa; imi este impus)
- Interrogative
- Must I workhard to pass this exam ?
- Do you have to weara uniform at school?
- Negative(la negative isi schimba sensul)
Must – exprima interdictie
- You must notpark your car here/You mustn’t [masnt] park your car here.
(Nu trebuie/nu ai voie/e interzis sa parchezi aici)
You must not smoke here./You mustn’t smoke here.
(Nu trebuie/nu ai voie/e interzis sa parchezi aici).
Do not have – exprima lipsa obligatiei
You do not have to come with me. I can manage on my own./You don’t have to come with me, I can manage on my own.
on my own = singur, pe cont propriu
to manage = a conduce, a reusi, a se descurca
(Nu este nevoie, nu este necesar sa vii cu mine, ma pot descurca singur))
*to have to – formeaza interogativul si negativul cu ajutorul auxiliarului do/does, fiind de fapt un inlocuitor al verbului modal “must”
Affirmative- present tense
Internal obligation
External obligation
I must leave now.
I have to wear a uniform at school.
You must talk to him.
You have to send emails in your job.
He must wash his car.
He has to work indoors.
She must be at home early.
She has to work outdoors.
We must be at the airport in time.
We have to pay for this course.
You must be at the office early.
You have to leave on Monday.
They must phone their parents.
They have to open the shop early.
indoors = inside (inauntru)
outdoors = outside (in afara)
Interrogative – present tense
Internal obligation
External obligation
MustI leave now?
Do I have to wear a uniform at school?
Must you talk to him?
Do you have to send emails in your job?
Must he wash his car?
Does he have to work indoors?
Must she be at home early?
Does she have to workoutdoors?
Must we be at the airport in time?
Do we have to pay for this course?
Must you be at the office early?
Do you have to leave on Monday?
Must they phone their parents?
Do they have to open the shop early?
Negative – Present Tense
I must not park my car here.
I mustn’t park my car here.
I do not have to pay for this course.
I don’t have to pay for this course.
You must not smoke here.
You mustn’t smoke here.
You do not have to come with me.
You don’t have to come with me.
He must not enter this room.
He mustn’t enter this room.
He does not have to leave now.
He doesn’t have to leave now.
She must not enter the office.
She mustn’t enter the office.
She does not have to leave the office.
She doesn’t have to leave the office.
We must not leave the building.
We mustn’t leave the building
We do not have to leave the building.
We don’t have to leave the building
You must not go there.
You mustn’t go there.
You do not have to go there.
You don’t have to go there.
They mustn’t use the phone.
They must not use the phone.
They do not have to use the phone.
They don’t have to use the phone.
to use = a folosi
building[bilding] = cladire
to build[bild]-built[bilt]-built[bilt] = a construi